Ultra-Miniaturized Hybrid Devices for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers(EDFA)

 With the wide application of EDFA(Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) in ROADM, silicon photonics, and DCI high-speed connection, it has promoted the development of EDFA to become more miniaturized and integration. HYC has been engaged in the research and manufacture of optical passive devices for more than 20 years, always focusing on technology accumulation and innovation, with six core technical capabilities, and can provide customers with seven major solutions. 

In order to meet the needs of EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) applications, HYC has recently launched hybrid series product for the miniaturized EDFA. The product line includes 980/1550nm IWDM Hybrid (Isolator+WDM), GFF (Gain Flattening Filter), IGFF (Isolator + GFF), etc..

Traditional EDFA system is mainly composed of erbium-doped fiber, pump source, isolator, combiner, coupler, TAP PD and control circuit. N in 1 hybrid device can combine isolator, WDM, GFF, TAP in one component but with the same functions. Now HYC can provides 980/1550 IWDM, 980/1550 Mini IWDM, TIWDM, IGFF, and OSC WDM etc., which are widely used in EDFA, light source equipment. 

The package size of the hybrid device is smaller. For example, IWDM integrates the functions of isolator and WDM, but the size is φ2.5*22mm (steel pipe), and the cost of module products is reduced by 30%.

Features:

1.Compact size, the size of Mini IWDM (steel pipe) is φ2.5*22mm

2.High stability, typical value of reflected IL ≤0.15dB, typical value of transmitted IL ≤0.3dB（-5~+75℃）

3.Meet with 168-hour experiment (tested at 120 ° C, 2 atmospheres, 100% humidity)

4.Fully meet the reliability requirements of Telcordia GR-1221-CORE

Product example 1: 1x2 WDM and optical isolation hybrid device (IWDM)

The functional diagram of 1×2 WDM and isolator hybrid device is used for EDFAs with high isolation requirements, which can not only ensure the optical isolation requirements, but also reduce the size of the entire EDFA module.  The pump light can also be incident on the EDF (Erbium-doped fiber) from the fiber 2 to realize the optical amplification function.

Product example 2: Optical isolation and gain flat filter (GFF) hybrid device

The integrated device not only decrease size of module, but also realize the function of isolation, and gain flat filter.

HYC has five product lines: fiber connectivity, WDM, PLC splitters, high-speed transceiver optical subassembly, micro-optics device, and six technology platforms:

1. Optical design, simulation and ray tracing capability based on Zemax, Matlab and Mathcad;

2. Free space optics design, submicron alignment / coupling/assembly capabilities;

3. High precision mechanical design, mold and injection design & precision manufacturing capabilities;

4. High density parallel optics Design and manufacturing capabilities (such as FA fiber array &MPO and integration with isolators, etc.);

5. Optical substrate and wafer post-processing capabilities, and the corresponding capabilities for analyzing optical glass geometry and stress;

6. Automatic precision assembly and testing ability, software programming ability. 

HYC can also provides customers with seven solutions:

1. Parallel optics solutions to AOC/DCI

2. Multi-channel WDM optical engines for DCI

3. Passive optical solutions to coherent optics/Silica photonics 

4. Passive solutions used for EDFAs

5. DCI Connectivity Solutions

6. WDM Subsystem/system Solutions

7. FTTX/PON Solutions

Michelson Interferometers Components for Signal Detection in 5000m Deep Sea

 With the gradual advancement of the national marine strategy, the deep-sea applications of optical fiber hydrophones have becoming more and more extensive with higher requirements of the reliability. Based on six basic technology platforms, HYC has launched a series of Michelson interferometers that can be used in deep sea hydrophones. The product line includes FRM (Faraday Rotating Mirror) and Coupler devices featuring ultra-miniaturized packing, ultra-high reliability. It is ideal for fiber optic interferometric sensor systems for deep-sea 5000m signal detection.

 

Based on basic packaging process and materials technology and glue & stress models technology, the stability of FRM and coupler can be greatly improved. After 48 hours of continuous high-strength hydraulic test (45MPa), pressure fatigue test (low pressure 0MPa ~ high pressure 6.75MPa), 72 hours PCT test (120 ℃, 2 atmospheres, 100% humidity) and a series of mechanical tests, the IL variation of the experimental product is still within 0.5dB.

HYC provides two versions to meet different needs, one is miniaturized + ultra-high reliability version, another is ultra-miniature version. The package sizes of the first miniaturized + ultra-high reliability FRM and coupler are φ3.0x12 mm and φ3.0x40 mm respectively. The package sizes of second ultra-miniature FRM and coupler are φ2.5x12 mm and φ2.5x30 mm respectively, which is ahead of most similar products on the market, and can also meet environmental and mechanical experiments required by Telcordia GR-1209 /1221.

The Michelson Interferometers components provided by HYC not only ensure low loss, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-miniaturization, but also adopt a low-cost strategy to reduce costs through functional integration, and truly providing customers with competitive product solutions.

HYC has always pay high attention to R&D investment and has a professional R&D team, owns a number of domestic and foreign patents and has a comprehensive six core technology platforms.

1. Optical design, simulation and ray tracing capability based on Zemax, Matlab and Mathcad;

2. Free space optics design, submicron alignment / coupling/assembly capabilities;

3. High precision mechanical design, mold and injection design & precision manufacturing capabilities;

4. High density parallel optics Design and manufacturing capabilities (such as FA fiber array &MPO and integration with isolators, etc.);

5. Optical substrate and wafer post-processing capabilities, and the corresponding capabilities for analyzing optical glass geometry and stress;

6. Automatic precision assembly and testing ability, software programming ability. 

About HYC

Founded in 2000, HYC is a leading global manufacturer of innovative and reliable optical components. HYC designs, develops, manufactures, and sells a comprehensive line of passive optical devices that enables 4G/5G, data center, data communication, FTTH, aeronautical communication networks.

HYC launches ultra-small Hybrid devices for EDFA

 In order to meet the needs of EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) applications, HYC has recently launched hybrid series product for the miniaturized EDFA. The product line includes 980/1550nm IWDM Hybrid (Isolator+WDM), GFF (Gain Flattening Filter), IGFF (Isolator + GFF), etc..

Based on the optical simulation design technology and fiber mode field beam expansion technology, the IL of hybrid device can be greatly reduced and its performance stability can be improved. The typical value of reflection IL can be controlled below 0.15dB (-5~+75℃), and the typical value of transmission IL can be controlled at 0.30dB (-5~+75℃). HYC has extensive experience in basic packaging processes and stress models for glue & materials, which greatly contribute to the reliability and robustness of products. All hybrid devices fully meet the reliability requirements of Telcordia GR-1221-CORE, and meet the 168-hour PCT experiment (tested at 120 ° C, 2 atmospheres, 100% humidity).

Now we have two versions, one is miniaturized + ultra-high reliability version( fully meets PCT test), another is ultra-miniature  (φ2.5xL19mm) version, which can also meet the requirements of GR-1221-CORE.

The EDFA components provided by HYC not only ensure low loss, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-miniaturization, but also adopt a low-cost strategy to reduce costs by 30% through functional integration, and truly providing customers with competitive product solutions.

HYC has always pay high attention to R&D investment and has a professional R&D team, owns a number of domestic and foreign patents and has a comprehensive six core technology platforms.

1. Optical design, simulation and ray tracing capability based on Zemax, Matlab and Mathcad;

2. Free space optics design, submicron alignment / coupling/assembly capabilities;

3. High precision mechanical design, mold and injection design & precision manufacturing capabilities;

4. High density parallel optics Design and manufacturing capabilities (such as FA fiber array &MPO and integration with isolators, etc.);

5. Optical substrate and wafer post-processing capabilities, and the corresponding  capabilities for analyzing optical glass geometry and stress;

6. Automatic precision assembly and testing ability, software programming ability. 

High-speed transceiver parallel optics MT subassembly

 With the growth of global data volume, parallel optical technology is an important technical for the expansion of current data centers, and the optical transmission rate has continuously evolved from 10Gbps, 40Gbps, 100Gbps to 200Gbps, 400Gbps, and even 600Gbps, 800Gbps. At this year's OFC conference, a number of Chinese suppliers have successively demonstrated 800G rate optical modules, which means that 800G will enter a new era.

What is parallel optics? Parallel optical technology is a special optical communication technology that transmits and receives signals at both ends of the link. Parallel optical transceiver modules are usually used to achieve high-speed signal transmission at both ends. Parallel optical technology is a cost-effective solution for 4×50G, 8×50Gbps transmission.

In parallel optical signal transmission, the parallel optical modules at both ends of the link contain multiple transmitters and receivers. Multiple optical fibers are used to transmit and receive signals. The data rate of multiple-channels parallel transmission can support 40G to 100G per second. As shown in the figure, 8-bit data is simultaneously transmitted through parallel lines, so that the data transmission speed is greatly improved. Multimode parallel technology is mostly used for short-distance transmission of 100G and below.

 

Parallel optical modules rely more on high integration and small packaging to generate less heat than multiple discrete devices. MT (MPO) ferrules and optical subassemblies are one of the key components supporting parallel optical interconnects, which are used to connect internal optical lenses and external optical interfaces, and can be integrated into optical module boards. The small size and multi-channel of the MT ferrule makes it easy to use as an external optical interface in the parallel transmission.

Relying on high-density parallel optics design and manufacturing capabilities, as well as high-precision mold manufacturing and measurement technology capabilities, HYC now has the mass production capacity of high-speed transceiver optical subassemblies.

MT-Jumper

The ferrules of MT-jumper are available in 0° and 8° polishing angles. The length tolerance can be customized, and the minimum can meet ±0.15mm.

 

MT-2×Mini MT

Due to the compact internal structure of some optical modules, the traditional MT ferrule is bulky and may not be able to be inserted into the transceiver. Mini MT ferrules are the right devices to use in this small space connection, which are half the size of traditional MT ferrules.

 

MT-FA

MT-FA is a short fiber jumper composed of MT and fiber array. The end face angle of FA can be customized and it requires high precision. It is widely used in 100G PSM4 to connect to the external port.

 

About HYC Co., Ltd

With 22 years manufacturing experience of passive optical devices, HYC has three technical capabilities, passive optical devices chip packaging and coupling technology, precise mould/injection molding design and manufacture technology, and fiber array design and manufacture technology. HYC can provide one-stop customized services for passive devices design, R&D, manufacturing, with optical fiber connectors, patch cords, plc splitter, wdm, high-speed transceiver optical subassembly and mems optical switch production lines.

1000+ fiber connections = one optical flex circuit?

 If you have ever been to data center, then you must have a deep understanding of the following cabling scenarios. 

If an optical circuit can improve such a cabling environment, are you interested?

The optical fiber flex circuit is independently developed by HYC, which provides a solution of efficient routing, high-core number connection, and complete customization. It can be widely used in applications , including multi-core fiber cross transmission, switch equipment, optical backplane interconnection, card-to-card connection, rack-to-rack connection, wavelength selection switch, and high-density fiber management.

A single customized optical fiber flex circuit can replaces the complex bundled jumper connections, which can significantly save equipment space, improve the smoothness of airflow between equipment, and improve the working environment of sensitive components.

The optical circuit can realize the output/input of any connector, as well as direct connection or fusion of the connector; support single-mode/multi-mode and single-core/multi-core fiber. As long as it is designed in advance, it can theoretically support the connection of any number of cores and any polarity link.

HYC's optical fiber lines use environmentally friendly materials that meet the application of industrial environments, and perform insertion loss, return loss and polarity tests before leaving the factory to ensure that each product can meet the optical characteristic requirements and link polarity requirements designed by the customer. Some forms of products adopt high-efficiency fully automatic production machines, which not only improve production efficiency, but also make the products more compact and beautiful. Machine production can ensure that the direction of each line is accurate and the polarity is correct.

At present, HYC can provide three types of optical circuit, and customers can choose according to the applications, core number, environment, space and other requirements.

About HYC Co., Ltd

HYC, with 21 years of experience in the research and development of optical communication passive basic components, is a national high-tech enterprise focusing on the research and development, manufacturing, sales and service of optical communication passive basic components. The company’s main products are: optical fiber connectors (high-density optical connectors for data centers), wavelength division multiplexers, optical splitters, MEMS optical switches, optical circuit, high-speed module internal connection components and other core optical passive basic components, It is widely used in fiber to the home, 4G/5G network, Internet data center, national defense communications and other fields.

Introduction of PLC Technology and Fabrication Processes

 

PLC is more known in the field of electronic technology. It is the acronym of the terminology ‘programmable logic controller’. However, in the field of optical communication, PLC is the acronym of another terminology, i.e. ‘planar lightwave circuit’, which is variable optical waveguide structures fabricated with integrated optics technologies. PLC technologies can implement functional devices as directional coupler (DC), Y-branch splitter, multimode interferometer (MMI), arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), optical interleaver (ITL), Mach-Zehnder (MZ) electro-optical modulator, thermo-optical variable optical attenuator (TO-VOA), thermo-optical switch (TO-SW), etc.

In the optical communication industry, the widely deployed PLC devices include optical power splitter, AWG, MZ electro-optical modulator and TO-VOA, etc. optical power splitter is a device consisting of Y-branch splitters in cascade and parallel connection. For example, a 1×16 power needs 15 Y-branch splitters. AWG is a device with 1×N ports, which separates tens of wavelengths from the input to each output. MZ modulator based on lithium niobate optical waveguide is the main approach for optical modulators. Meanwhile, modulators based on silicon optics are commercialized and become the first choice for high-speed modulators >50G. TO-VOA based on PLC technology is deployed in combination with AWG, which compose a VMUX module with functions of multiplexing/demultiplexing and dynamic channel equalization.

Optical communication devices based on PLC technology and widely deployed are variable. However, PLC is usually specified as optical power splitters in the industry, which is a most widely deployed passive optical device in the FTTH network. After the internet bubble in 2000, optical communication industry entered a period of depression. Then in 2004, Japan first invested on FTTH construction as a new infrastructure, although the application scenario of FTTH had not emerged yet. In 2008, China added in the construction of FTTH and reached the peak in 2012. FTTH network usually adopts PON structure. The key device is optical power splitter, which is widely deployed in the business and residential buildings. In our lives, the most approach to an optical power splitter is the modem for internet access. The pigtail of the modem was upgraded from twist-pair electrical wires to an optical fiber jumper, which is led to one of the ports of an optical power splitter. The optical fiber access can support transmission speed of 100-200M, which is much higher than 4M through electrical wires.

In the field of optical communication, PLC is the abbreviation of plane optical path, which is based on the integrated optical technology to prepare various optical waveguide structures, in order to achieve some functional devices. There are four kinds of fabrication processes for optical waveguides: ion exchange, ion implantation, chemical vapor deposition and flame hydrolysis.

1) Ion exchange

The principle of ion exchange process is to soak the glass material containing A⁺ ions in the solution containing B⁺ ions, and exchange the A⁺ ions in the glass with the B⁺ ions in the solution by using the property that the ions will diffuse from the high concentration area to the low concentration area. Because the glass material containing A⁺ ions has higher refractive index than the glass material containing B⁺ ions, high refractive index can be obtained in the region where ion exchange occurs, which can be used as the core layer of the optical waveguide, and the region where ion exchange does not occur can be used as the cladding layer of the optical waveguide to obtain the required optical waveguide structure.

The general process flow of preparing optical waveguide by ion exchange is shown in Figure 1:

1) A mask layer is covered on the glass substrate by evaporation or sputtering process;

2) Through photolithography and etching process, a window of waveguide structure is opened in the mask layer;

3) The glass material with the mask layer prepared and the window opened is immersed in the solution for ion exchange;

4) Through the electric field driving, the exchange ions distributed in the surface layer are driven to a certain depth to form the waveguide structure.

In the actual process, in order to better ensure the ion exchange effect, the above 3-4 steps need to be carried out at the same time, which depends on the specific process design.

Fig.1.  Fabrication of optical waveguides by ion exchange

In order to improve the ion exchange efficiency and obtain good optical waveguide characteristics, it is necessary to select two kinds of exchanged ions, optimize the glass formula, control the concentration and temperature of the solution, and apply the electric field appropriately.

2) Ion implantation

Ion implantation is a kind of material surface modification technology, which belongs to a standard processing technology in semiconductor industry. Ion implantation optical waveguide is to accelerate ions to tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of electron volts of high energy by ion accelerator, bombard the surface of substrate materials, cause damage or defects on the surface of materials through the interaction between atoms or molecules, change the refractive index, and form optical waveguide structure.

The typical process of preparing optical waveguide by ion implantation is shown in Fig.2. The ion implanter is usually composed of ion source, ion extraction and pre acceleration, magnetic analyzer, back channel accelerator, electron scanning system, ion implantation cavity and vacuum system. In the cavity of the ion source, ions are generated by gas discharge. The electrode in the ion extractor is led out and pre accelerated. The magnetic analyzer controls the quality of the ion beam and obtains the ion beam with good directivity. The ion beam accelerated by the back channel is injected into the sample in the cavity under the control of the electron deflector.

Fig.2.  Fabrication of optical waveguides by ion implantation

 

The substrate material placed in the ion implantation cavity needs to be pretreated. The mask layer is prepared according to the optical waveguide pattern. After ion implantation, post-processing, such as annealing, is also needed to reduce the influence of material defects on the loss.

3) Chemical vapor deposition

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is also a standard process in the semiconductor industry. The process of preparing optical waveguide by CVD process is shown in Fig.3. It is to successively deposit optical waveguide layers with different doping layers on silicon substrate (or quartz substrate). For example, the core layer is doped with phosphorus and boron to improve the refractive index, and the cladding layer is doped with germanium to reduce the refractive index. After the core layer is deposited and before the upper cladding layer is deposited, the mask layer needs to be prepared by photolithography to define the optical waveguide pattern. After each layer is deposited, annealing hardening process is needed to enhance the density and uniformity of the deposited layer and reduce the stress.

Fig.3.  Fabrication of optical waveguides by chemical vapor deposition

 

4) Flame hydrolysis deposition

The fabrication process of optical waveguide by Flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) is similar to that by CVD, but the difference is only in the process conditions. CVD is a process in which various elements and compounds containing film elements are introduced into the cavity, and chemical reaction occurs at a certain temperature, so as to deposit the required film on the substrate surface. FHD is to pass volatile halides containing film elements, such as silicon tetrachloride, and halides containing various doping elements, such as phosphorus, boron and germanium, into a gas burner, and react with water in a high temperature flame to form a silicon dioxide film layer doped with various impurity elements.

5) Process comparison

Ion exchange and ion implantation can produce low-cost optical waveguides, but the control of the cross-section shape of the waveguides is slightly poor. They are mainly used to make optical splitters. The production efficiency of ion implantation is much higher than that of ion exchange. CVD and FHD can be used to fabricate high-end optical waveguide devices, such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Among them, FHD is more suitable for thick film fabrication than CVD.

About HYC

Relying on 21 years of experience in OEM ODM manufacturing of optical communication passive basic devices, HYC has continuously achieved technological innovation, and established a complete range from chip post-process processing to overall coupling packaging technology, high-precision full-wavelength testing technology, and providing customers with a full series of PLC optical splitter products.

http://www.hyc-system.com

Know the type of fiber, fiber cable, jumper, pigtail, and connector

To understand the types of optical fibers, optical cables, jumpers, connectors, and adapters, you first need to know the relationship between these products.

 

Optical fiber

The optical fiber is drawn from silica glass through a complicated process, it is a highly transparent glass filament, which is also called optical fiber.

Optical fiber type

Optical fiber is divided into single mode fiber and multimode fiber according to the transmission mode. Light enters the optical fiber at a specific angle of incidence, and full emission occurs between the optical fiber and the cladding. When the diameter is small, only one direction of light is allowed to pass through, which is a single-mode optical fiber; when the diameter of the optical fiber is large, light can be allowed to inject and propagate at multiple angles of incidence, that is a multimode fiber.

Single mode optical fiber

Normally, there are two types of optical fiber: single mode and multi mode. Single-mode fiber is a single glass fiber strand used to transmit a single mode or ray of light. Single mode fiber with a relatively narrow diameter, through which all signals travel straight down the middle without bouncing off the edges. Single-mode fiber features only one transmission mode. Single Mode Fiber with a relatively narrow diameter of 8.5 to 9.5μm, through which only one mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm. 

Multimode optical fiber

Multi mode fiber is an optical fiber that allows multiple guided modes to be transmitted. Multi-mode fiber has a larger diameter core, typically 50 or 62.5μm. This larger core allows multiple modes of light to propagate. The standard wavelengths of the multimode are 850 nm and 1300 nm. Multimode fiber is available in four classifications: OM1 (62.5/125 µm), OM2, OM3, OM4 (50/125 µm). There’s also a new multimode fiber standard known as WBMMF (wideband multimode fiber) which uses the wavelengths between 850nm and 953nm.

Both single mode fiber and multimode fiber have a cladding diameter of 125μm.

G652，G657 fiber

According to the ITU standard, there are seven kinds of fibers: G651, G652, G653, G654, G655, G656, G657, and G652 and G657 are commonly used.

G652 fiber is the most widely used fiber in the metropolitan area network. It is a standard single-mode fiber with a zero-point dispersion of 1300nm. G652 fiber is subdivided into four types: G652A, G652B, G652C and G652D. The main difference lies in PMD. Among them, G652D is more commonly used. Because of its low fiber dispersion at 1300nm operating wavelength, the transmission distance of the system is only limited by loss.

G657 is a bending loss-insensitive fiber, and it is the most commonly used fiber optic cable for FTTH because of its better performance. But G657 fiber is more expensive than G652D.

G651 is a multi-mode optical fiber, mainly used in multi-tenant, residential buildings, and enterprise networks in FTTH networks. Its bending radius is half that of G652 fiber. It is suitable for indoor and FTTH cabling.

OS1, OS2, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM5

OS1 and OS2 are both single-mode optical fibers. OS1: the ordinary single-mode optical fiber used earlier; OS2: the ordinary optical fiber in use now, the low-water peak optical fiber. In general, OM1 is conventional 62.5/125μm; OM2 is conventional 50/125μm; OM3 is 850nm laser-optimized 50μm core multimode fiber, and in 10Gb/s Ethernet with 850nm VCSEL, the fiber transmission distance can reach 300m; OM4 is an upgraded version of OM3. OM4 multimode fiber optimizes the differential mode delay (DMD) generated by OM3 multimode fiber during high-speed transmission. Therefore, the transmission distance is greatly improved, and the fiber transmission distance can reach 550m; OM5 is a new standard for fiber patch cords defined by TIA and IEC with a fiber diameter of 50/125μm. Compared to OM3 and OM4 fiber patch cords, OM5 fiber patch cords can be used for higher bandwidth applications. The bandwidth and maximum distance are different for different levels of transmission.

 

Optical cable

The optical fiber is drawn from pure quartz with a special process into a glass tube thinner than a hair with a few mediums in the middle. Its texture is brittle and fragile, so an additional protective layer is needed. The outer layer of the optical fiber is combined with a plastic protective tube and a plastic sheath to form an optical cable.

Optical cables include fibers. Broadly speaking, optical fibers are optical cables, which are all transmission media. But they are also difference. The difference between optical fiber and optical cable: optical fiber is a thin and soft medium that transmits light beams. Most optical fibers must be covered by several layers of protective structures before use, and the covered cables including fibers are called optical cables. Therefore, the optical fiber is the core part of the optical cable, and the optical fiber forms the optical cable through the protection of some components and the auxiliary protective layer.

The type of fiber optic cable

There are many classification methods to categorize fiber optic cables, such as:

Classified by material: LSZH, PVC, HYTREL 7246, HYTREL 7237, PE, TPU

According to the outer diameter: φ0.9, φ2.0, φ3.0……

Divided by mode field: single mode (9/125), multimode (50/125, 62.5/125)

Divided by color: single mode is yellow, multimode is orange (OM1/OM2), OM3 is aqua blue, OM4 is aqua blue or violet, OM5 is lime green.

According to the structure, it can be divided into: generally simplex or duplex, duplex in single-tube, mini multicore, branch cable

Optical fiber brands: Corning, YOFC, Fujikura, Sumitomo, OFS, etc.

 

Type of patch cord

The 0.9, 2.0, and 3.0 of the optical fiber jumper are used to distinguish the outer diameter of the optical cable. 0.9 means the outer diameter of the optical cable is 0.9mm, 2.0 means the outer diameter of the optical cable is 2mm, and 3.0 means the outer diameter of the optical cable is 3mm.

There are also single-mode fiber jumpers and multi-mode fiber jumpers. Single mode is indicated by yellow, and the transmission distance is longer; multimode is indicated by orange, and the transmission distance is shorter.

 

Pigtail

Only one end of the pigtail has a connector, and the other end is a broken end of an optical cable core, which is connected to other optical cable cores through fusion splicing. It often appears in the optical fiber terminal box and is used to connect the optical cable to the optical transceiver.

Type of connector

Divided by the connection mode: FC, SC, ST, MU, LC, MT, E2000, MTRJ

Divided by fiber end face: PC, UPC, APC, SPC

According to the number of cores of the optical cable, it can be divided into: single core, double core (with clip)

Commonly used connectors: FC/PC, SC/PC, SC/APC, LC/PC

According to the tail sleeve structure, it can be divided into: round tail sleeve, square tail sleeve, conventional tail sleeve, short tail sleeve

 

Why should the fiber end face be divided into PC,UPC,APC

There are many reasons to caused fiber loss caused during fiber connections, such as: different axis (single-mode fiber coaxiality is required to be less than 0.8μm), the end face is not perpendicular to the axis, the end face is not flat, the butt core diameter is not matched, and the splicing quality is poor.

In order to make the end faces of the two optical fibers better contact, the end faces of the ferrule of the fiber jumper are usually ground into different structures. Common grinding methods are mainly: PC, APC, UPC. PC/APC/UPC represents the front surface structure of the ceramic ferrule.

 

Different fiber end face finishes

PC (Physical Contact).The two end faces are polished to be slightly curved or microspherical, and the fiber core is at the highest point of the bending. This eliminates the air gap and forces the fibers into physical contact.

UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) is based on the PC to optimize the end face polishing and surface finish, the end face looks more dome-shaped. The end face of the UPC connector is not entirely flat, and there is a slight arc to achieve more accurate connecting.

APC (Angled Physical Contact). The end face of APC is usually polishing into an 8-degree angle. The 8° angled bevel makes the fiber end face tighter and reflects light through its beveled angle to the cladding instead of returning directly to the source, providing better connection performance. 

The APC fiber optic connector is usually green. UPC/PC connectors are easily identified by their blue color on the connector boot.

Type of adapter

Optical fiber adapters are used to convert various optical fiber equipment and optical fiber connection methods. With the wide application of fiber optic adapters in fiber optic connections, there are various fiber optic adapters with different interfaces to choose from to adapt to different environmental installation requirements. Common types of adapters are: LC adapter, FC adapter, SC adapter, ST adapter, E2000 adapter, MTP / MPO adapter, etc.

 

HYC is a leading passive optical component OEM/ODM manufacturer, focusing on providing customers with efficient manufacturing, high-quality products and in-depth research and development. The main products are: fiber optic connectors (high-density optical connectors for data centers), WDM wavelength division multiplexers, PLC optical splitters, MEMS optical switches and other four core optical passive basic devices, which are widely used in fiber to the home , 4G/5G mobile communications, Internet data centers, national defense communications and other fields.